MongoDB production cluster must have three Config Servers, one or more Query Routers, and two or more Shards. Shards are either replica sets or a standalone mongod instances. The mongos instances are routers for the cluster, typically one mongos instance on each application server.
Config Servers are used to store metadata that links requested data with the shard. The application connects to Query Routers which communicates to Config Servers to determine the data location and returns the data from the appropriate shards. Shards are responsible for the actual data storage operations.
3 Config Servers (mongod metadata) : cfg0.example.com, cfg1.example.com, cfg2.example.com
2 Query Routers (mongos) : mongos0.example.com, mongos1.example.com
Shard 1 (mongod) : mongodb0.example.com, mongodb1.example.com, mongodb2.exmple.com
Shard 2 (mongod) : mongodb3.example.com, mongodb4.example.com, mongodb5.exmple.com
Disable SELINUX
# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
Add the following lines to /etc/security/limits.conf to increase limit.
mongod soft nproc 64000
mongod hard nproc 64000
mongod soft nofile 64000
mongod hard nofile 64000
Disable the usage of transparent hugepages
Add the following script lines to /etc/rc.local to improve performance.
if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/khugepaged/defrag; then
echo 0 > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/khugepaged/defrag
fi
if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag; then
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
fi
if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled; then
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
fi
# chmod +x /etc/rc.local
Enable NTP on all cluster machines.
# yum install ntp
# service ntpd start
# chkconfig ntpd on
Configure mongoDB repository.
$ sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb-enterprise.repo
name=MongoDB Enterprise Repository
baseurl=https://repo.mongodb.com/yum/redhat/$releasever/mongodb-enterprise/stable/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
Disk Configuration
# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1044, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1044, default 1044):
Using default value 1044
Command (m for help): w
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
# mkdir /data
Add the following line to /etc/fstab
/dev/sdb1 /data ext4 noatime,nodiratime 0 2
# mount /dev/sdb1
Configure Config Servers
On each of the config servers,
Create a data directory to store metadata.
$ sudo mkdir /data/configdb --> all config servers for journal
$ sudo chown mongod:mongod /data/configdb
Install mongoDB server.
$ sudo yum --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=mongodb-org-3.0 install -y mongodb-enterprise-server
Modify parameters in /etc/mongod.conf
configsvr=true
dbpath=/data/configdb
Comment out to listen on all interfaces.
# bind_ip=127.0.0.1
$ sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=27019/tcp
$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=27019/tcp
Start mongod instance on each of the three config servers.
$ sudo service mongod start
Verify Mongod proccess by checking the contents of the log file at /var/log/mongodb/mongod.log.
[initandlisten] waiting for connections on port <port>
Where <port> is 27019 by default.
Configure Query Routers
Install mongos, mongo shell and mongo tools on each of query routers.
$ sudo yum --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=mongodb-org-3.0 install -y mongodb-enterprise-mongos mongodb-enterprise-shell mongodb-enterprise-tools
$ sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=27017/tcp
$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=27017/tcp
Start the mongos instance specifying the config servers on both Query Routers. The mongos runs on the default port 27017.
$ sudo mongos --configdb cfg0.example.com:27019,cfg1.example.com:27019,cfg2.example.com:27019
Query Routers should begin to communicate to the three configuration servers.
Create the Replica Sets
Create a data directory on each of the three shard Servers.
$ sudo yum --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=mongodb-org-3.0 install -y mongodb-enterprise-server
$ sudo mkdir /data/db
$ chown mongod:mongod /data/db
Modify parameters in /etc/mongod.conf
shardsvr=true
dbpath=/data/configdb
Comment out to listen on all interfaces.
# bind_ip=127.0.0.1
replSet=rs0
$ sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=27018/tcp
$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=27018/tcp
Start mongod instance on each of the three shard servers that will deploy each member of the replica set to its own machine.
$ sudo service mongod start
Verify Mongod proccess by checking the contents of the log file at /var/log/mongodb/mongod.log.
[initandlisten] waiting for connections on port <port>
Where <port> is 27018 by default.
From query router mongos0.example.com, connect to the replica set member on mongodb0.example.com
$ mongo --host mongodb0.example.com --port 27018 admin
Initiate the replica set.
> rs.initiate()
Verify the initial replica set configuration.
rs0:SECONDARY> rs.conf()
Add the members to the replica set.
rs0:PRIMARY> rs.add("mongodb1.example.com:27018")
{ "ok" : 1 }
rs0:PRIMARY> rs.add("mongodb2.example.com:27018")
{ "ok" : 1 }
Check the status of the replica set.
rs0:PRIMARY> rs.status()
Repeat the above steps to create another replica set rs1 on mongodb3.example.com, mongodb4.example.com, and mongodb5.example.com.
Add Shards to the Cluster
Connect to any of the Query Routers.
$ mongo mongos0.example.com:27017/admin
mongos> show dbs
admin (empty)
config 0.016GB
mongos> sh.status()
Add a Shard for a replica set rs0 with replica set name and a replica set member mongodb0.example.com to the cluster.
mongos> sh.addShard("rs0/mongodb0.example.com:27018")
{ "shardAdded" : "rs0", "ok" : 1 }
mongos> sh.addShard("rs1/mongodb3.example.com:27018")
{ "shardAdded" : "rs1", "ok" : 1}
mongos> sh.status()
Create User
Enable sharding for a Database.
mongos> sh.enableSharding("testdb")
{ "ok" : 1 }
{ "ok" : 1 }
OR
mongos> db.runCommand( { enablesharding: "testdb" } )
{ "ok" : 0, "errmsg" : "already enabled" }
mongos> db.runCommand( { enablesharding: "testdb" } )
{ "ok" : 0, "errmsg" : "already enabled" }
mongos> sh.shardCollection("testdb.testCollection",{"name":1})
{ "collectionsharded" : "testdb.testCollection", "ok" : 1 }
mongos> sh.status()
--- Sharding Status ---
sharding version: {
"_id" : 1,
"minCompatibleVersion" : 5,
"currentVersion" : 6,
"clusterId" : ObjectId("553c531d71621ab16006d19c")
}
shards:
{ "_id" : "rs0", "host" : "rs0/192.168.1.21:27018,192.168.1.22:27018,mongodb0.example.com:27018" }
balancer:
Currently enabled: yes
Currently running: no
Failed balancer rounds in last 5 attempts: 2
Last reported error: ReplicaSetMonitor no master found for set: rs0
Time of Reported error: Sun Apr 26 2015 01:51:27 GMT-0400 (EDT)
Migration Results for the last 24 hours:
No recent migrations
databases:
{ "_id" : "admin", "partitioned" : false, "primary" : "config" }
{ "_id" : "testdb", "partitioned" : true, "primary" : "rs0" }
testdb.testCollection
shard key: { "name" : 1 }
chunks:
rs0 1
{ "name" : { "$minKey" : 1 } } -->> { "name" : { "$maxKey" : 1 } } on : rs0 Timestamp(1, 0)
mongos> sh.getBalancerState()
true
On query router
$ mongostat --discover
$ mongostat --host mongodb0.example.com:27018, mongodb1.example.com:27018, mongodb2.example.com:27018
If you don't see new database
mongos> use config
switched to db config
mongos> db.databases.find()
{ "_id" : "admin", "partitioned" : false, "primary" : "config" }
{ "_id" : "testdb", "partitioned" : true, "primary" : "rs0" }
Create "hashed" shard key on id field on collection.
mongos> use testdb
mongos> db.test_collection.ensureIndex( { _id : "hashed" } )
{
"raw" : {
"rs0/192.168.1.21:27018,192.168.1.22:27018,mongodb0.example.com:27018" : {
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : true,
"numIndexesBefore" : 1,
"errmsg" : "exception: bad index key pattern { _id: \"hasted\" }: Unknown index plugin 'hasted'",
"code" : 67,
"ok" : 0,
"$gleStats" : {
"lastOpTime" : Timestamp(1430087893, 1),
"electionId" : ObjectId("553c6a2f97bbb1cbf830be1c")
}
}
},
"code" : 67,
"ok" : 0,
"errmsg" : "{ rs0/192.168.1.21:27018,192.168.1.22:27018,mongodb0.example.com:27018: \"exception: bad index key pattern { _id: \"hasted\" }: Unknown index plugin 'hasted'\" }"
}
Enable sharding for a Collection
mongos> sh.shardCollection("testdb.testCollection", { "_id": "hashed" } )
{ "ok" : 0, "errmsg" : "already sharded" }
Insert data into the collection.
mongos> use testdb
mongos> for (var i = 1; i <= 500; i++) db.testCollection.insert( { x : i } )
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
Query Data from the Collection
mongos> db.testCollection.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d69f83dc4c576940dc59a"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d69f83dc4c576940dc59b"), "x" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d69f83dc4c576940dc59c"), "x" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d69f83dc4c576940dc59d"), "x" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d69f83dc4c576940dc59e"), "x" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d69f83dc4c576940dc59f"), "x" : 6 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d69f83dc4c576940dc5a0"), "x" : 7 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d69f83dc4c576940dc5a1"), "x" : 8 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d69f83dc4c576940dc5a2"), "x" : 9 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d69f83dc4c576940dc5a3"), "x" : 10 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d69f83dc4c576940dc5a4"), "x" : 11 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d69f83dc4c576940dc5a5"), "x" : 12 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d69f83dc4c576940dc5a6"), "x" : 13 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d69f83dc4c576940dc5a7"), "x" : 14 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d69f83dc4c576940dc5a8"), "x" : 15 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d69f83dc4c576940dc5a9"), "x" : 16 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d69f83dc4c576940dc5aa"), "x" : 17 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d69f83dc4c576940dc5ab"), "x" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d69f83dc4c576940dc5ac"), "x" : 19 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d69f83dc4c576940dc5ad"), "x" : 20 }
Type "it" for more
Get info about specific shards.
mongos> sh.status()
--- Sharding Status ---
sharding version: {
"_id" : 1,
"minCompatibleVersion" : 5,
"currentVersion" : 6,
"clusterId" : ObjectId("553c531d71621ab16006d19c")
}
shards:
{ "_id" : "rs0", "host" : "rs0/192.168.1.21:27018,192.168.1.22:27018,mongodb0.example.com:27018" }
balancer:
Currently enabled: yes
Currently running: no
Failed balancer rounds in last 5 attempts: 2
Last reported error: ReplicaSetMonitor no master found for set: rs0
Time of Reported error: Sun Apr 26 2015 18:45:42 GMT-0400 (EDT)
Migration Results for the last 24 hours:
No recent migrations
databases:
{ "_id" : "admin", "partitioned" : false, "primary" : "config" }
{ "_id" : "testdb", "partitioned" : true, "primary" : "rs0" }
testdb.testCollection
shard key: { "name" : 1 }
chunks:
rs0 1
{ "name" : { "$minKey" : 1 } } -->> { "name" : { "$maxKey" : 1 } } on : rs0 Timestamp(1, 0)
Create the Database
> use SoccerLeague
switched to db SoccerLeague
Create a table(Collection)
> db
SoccerLeague
> db.createCollection("Teams")
{
"ok" : 1,
"$gleStats" : {
"lastOpTime" : Timestamp(1430088542, 1),
"electionId" : ObjectId("553c6a2f97bbb1cbf830be1c")
}
}
Use the Collections (tables) with a DB
> show collections
Teams
system.indexes
Drop a Collection (table) within a DB
> db.Teams.drop();
true
Insert Data into the Collection
> var a = {"name":"New York Giants", "conference":"American"}
> db.Teams.save(a)
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
Query Data from the Collection
> db.Teams.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d6ccd3dc4c576940dc78e"), "name" : "New York Giants", "conference" : "American" }
> var b = {"name":"New York Giants", "conference":"American"}
> db.Teams.save(b)
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.Teams.insert({ name: 'Apple', product: 'iPhone', emp_no: '0'})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.Teams.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d6ccd3dc4c576940dc78e"), "name" : "New York Giants", "conference" : "American" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d6d4e3dc4c576940dc78f"), "name" : "New York Giants", "conference" : "American" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d6d9e3dc4c576940dc790"), "name" : "Apple", "product" : "iPhone", "emp_no" : "0" }
> db.Teams.find().forEach(printjson)
{
"_id" : ObjectId("553d6ccd3dc4c576940dc78e"),
"name" : "New York Giants",
"conference" : "American"
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("553d6d4e3dc4c576940dc78f"),
"name" : "New York Giants",
"conference" : "American"
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("553d6d9e3dc4c576940dc790"),
"name" : "Apple",
"product" : "iPhone",
"emp_no" : "0"
}
> db.Teams.find({"name":"New York Giants"});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d6ccd3dc4c576940dc78e"), "name" : "New York Giants", "conference" : "American" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d6d4e3dc4c576940dc78f"), "name" : "New York Giants", "conference" : "American" }
> db.Teams.find({"name":"New York Yankees"});
Multiple Update a document (row) within a Collection
mongos> db.Teams.update({"name":"New York Giants"},{"name":"New York Jets", "conference":"National"}, {multi:true});
WriteResult({
"nMatched" : 0,
"nUpserted" : 0,
"nModified" : 0,
"writeError" : {
"code" : 9,
"errmsg" : "multi update only works with $ operators"
}
})
Single Update a document (row) within a Collection
> db.Teams.update({"name":"New York Giants"},{"name":"New York Jets", "conference":"National"});
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
updates first row
> db.Teams.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d6ccd3dc4c576940dc78e"), "name" : "New York Jets", "conference" : "National" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d6d4e3dc4c576940dc78f"), "name" : "New York Jets", "conference" : "National" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("553d6d9e3dc4c576940dc790"), "name" : "Apple", "product" : "iPhone", "emp_no" : "0" }
Remove a document (row) within a Collection
> db.Teams.remove({"name":"New York Giants"});
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 0 })
> db.Teams.remove({"_id":ObjectId("553d6ccd3dc4c576940dc78e")});
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 1 })
> db.Teams.count()
2
> exit
Bulk Load or Script Data into the Collection
> load("LoadData.js");
> show collections
Copy Database
> db.copyDatabase("SoccerLeague","FootballLeague","localhost")
{
"ok" : 0,
"errmsg" : "couldn't connect to server localhost:27017 (127.0.0.1), conn
ection attempt failed",
"$gleStats" : {
"lastOpTime" : Timestamp(1430088584, 1),
"electionId" : ObjectId("553c6a2f97bbb1cbf830be1c")
}
}
Create User
mongos> db.createUser(
... {
... user: "testUser",
... pwd: "testpw",
... roles: [
... { role: "readWrite", db: "testdb" }
... ]
... }
... )
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "testUser",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "testdb"
}
]
}
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